Antenna Introduction

Antennas intended to produce specified EM field, and they are designed to transmit and receive information through changes in the electromagnetic fields that surround them. This article is a introduction to antenna that may improve your understanding of antennas （What is a gsm antenna）.

Generally speaking, we use a transmitting antenna to radiate radio waves and use a receiving antenna to capture the RF energy carried by the waves.

In the early nineteenth-century, Hans Christen Oersted placed a wire perpendicular to a compass needle and didn’t see anything. But when he rotated the wire current through the wire in the opposite direction, the compass needle deflected in the opposite direction.

Then scientists found that charges moving through a wire create a magnetic field that is perpendicular to the wire. Thanks to this information, scientists could describe the ways in which electric fields and magnetic fields interact with electric charges. Also, they formed a basis of an understanding of electromagnetism.

Less than a hundred years, Guglielmo Marconi sent the first wireless telegragh signal to the Atlantic. Similarily, two centuries after the first compass experiment, we can capture images from distant planets and send them. All of these, we need antennas.

Function of Antennas

• Transmission line: Power transport medium - must avoid power; reflections; otherwise use matching devices.
• Radiator: Must radiate efficiently – must be of a size; comparable with the half-wavelength.
• Resonator: Unavoidable - for broadband applications; resonances; must be attenuated.

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